Elliptical Machine Architecture: Front, Rear, or Center Drive?

Understanding Elliptical Machine Architectures

There are three main categories of elliptical structures: front drive, rear drive, and center drive. The terms "front drive elliptical" and "rear drive elliptical" typically refer to traditional models where the wheel-shaped flywheel is easily identifiable. However, some high-end models now use a different architecture, known as center drive, which can sometimes cause confusion.

While "front drive" and "rear drive" refer to specific flywheel positions, "center drive" describes an architecture centered around the user rather than an actual wheel position.

Rear Drive Elliptical

On a rear drive elliptical, the flywheel is located at the back of the machine, behind the user. This architecture is often more compact, less expensive to manufacture, and therefore more budget-friendly. Entry-level elliptical models almost always feature rear drive systems, though some higher-end models use this design as well.

Advantages

• Compact footprint
• More affordable price
• Easy to use

Disadvantages

• More vertical motion (similar to a stepper)
• Less comfortable during longer sessions

Best Rear Drive Ellipticals

Model	Brand	Price	Resistance
Precor EFX 535	Precor	$5,220.00	electromagnetic
Sunny Health & Fitness SF-E905SMART	Sunny Health & Fitness	$299.99	magnetic
NordicTrack Step Climber XL	NordicTrack	$2,299.99	magnetic
ProForm Sport Elliptical	ProForm	$799.99	magnetic
Schwinn 411	Schwinn	$699.00	magnetic

Front Drive Elliptical

On a front drive elliptical, the flywheel is positioned at the front of the machine. This design typically allows for a long, smooth stride—a more pleasant structure for cardio and endurance training. Front drive models generally represent the standard for mid-range and high-end ellipticals.

Advantages

• Smooth motion
• Long stride length
• Well-suited for taller users

Disadvantages

• Larger footprint
• Comfort depends on build quality

Some premium front-drive models, like the Technogym Elliptical, use a compact electromagnetic system (ECB) with the flywheel integrated into the frame. This design allows for a smaller footprint and even foldable construction while maintaining smooth, precise resistance. Though the flywheel isn't visible, these machines still follow front-drive principles with the mechanism housed in the front structure.

Best Front Drive Ellipticals

Model	Brand	Price	Resistance
NordicTrack AirGlide 16 Elliptical	NordicTrack	$2,499.99	magnetic
Bowflex Max Trainer M6	Bowflex	$999.00	magnetic
Sole E25	Sole	$1,299.99	magnetic
Sole E35	Sole	$1,699.99	magnetic
Sole E95	Sole	$2,099.99	electromagnetic

Center Drive Elliptical

So-called "center drive" ellipticals feature a specific architecture where the mechanical system is distributed on both sides of the pedals. Instead of having a single flywheel (the traditional wheel), these models use a laterally distributed inertia system, often in the form of two mechanical assemblies located on each side of the pedals. The resistance is typically magnetic, sometimes motorized depending on the model, making your effort smooth and progressive.

You're positioned above the machine's core, which promotes more natural biomechanics. This is a more complex structure, found mainly on high-end or commercial models.

Advantages

• Excellent joint comfort
• Better hip-knee-ankle alignment
• Superior stability

Disadvantages

• Generally higher price
• Limited selection

Best Center Drive Ellipticals

Model	Brand	Price	Resistance
NordicTrack X16	NordicTrack	$2,499.99	magnetic
Technogym Elliptical	Technogym	$5,240.00	electromagnetic
Technogym Artis Vario	Technogym	$21,980.00	electromagnetic
TRUE Fitness M50	TRUE Fitness	$3,599.00	electromagnetic
TRUE Fitness Performance Series	TRUE Fitness	$6,099.00	electromagnetic

Quick Architecture Comparison

Which Architecture Should You Choose?

For occasional use or limited space, a rear drive may be sufficient. For regular cardio training, a front drive offers a solid balance. For maximum comfort and intensive use, center drive remains the top-performing solution.